4 .3. Data types :
a) Basic Data Types: Data types that are built-in or predefined
Basic Data Types, declaration of variable.
1. int :
i) int is keyword used for integer value
ii) Integer is number that does not include fraction.
iii) Size of int is 2 bytes and range is -34768 to +34767
iv) Ex: int n1; //n1 is variable of integer type.
2. float :
i) float is keyword used for real value
ii) float is number that include fraction.
iii) Size of float is 4 bytes and range is -
iv) Ex: float n1; //n1 is variable of float type
3. char :
i) char is keyword used for non-numeric value.
ii) char can store single char.
iii) Size of int is 1byte and range is -128 to +127
iv) Ex: char ch; // ch is variable of character type that can store one char
4. double:
i) It is data type that includes fraction part with larger precision.
ii) Keyword is used as double.
iii) Size of double is 8 bytes and range is : 1.7 x 10-308
to 3.4X10308
(gives 15digits precision)
iv) Ex: double n1; //n1 is variable of double type
5. void :
i) It is type that has no value.
ii) It cannot be used with variable declaration.
iii) It is used with function to specify that function does not return
value.
iv) Ex: void sum( ); //n1 is variable of double type
b) Derived data types : Data types that are derived from primary data types ( like
array, function, pointer, reference) ,
c) User derived data types : Data types that are defined by user (class, structure,
union, enum, typedef)
constants, declaration of variable.
Modifiers:
It is used with built-in data type that gives more precise value by increasing larger size
of data types:
1. Signed (int, char, long (prefix))
2. Unsigned(int,char, short (prefix))
3. Long (int,double)
4. Short (int) : same as int
1. Signed (int, char, long (prefix) :
signed can be used char , int, short int, long int
Range of modifiers:
i) signed char (-128 to 127)
ii) signed int ( same as int)
iii) signed short int ( same
as int)
iv) signed long int ( 4 bytes with range -2147483648 to 2147483647)
2. Unsigned(int,char, short (prefix) : unsigned can be also used char , int, short int,
long int
i) unsigned char (1 byte 0 to 255)
ii) unsigned int ( 2 bytes 0 to 65535)
iii) unsigned
short int (2 bytes 0 to 65535)
iv) signed long int ( 4 bytes with range – 0 to
4294967295)
Operator in C++:
Operator is symbol (like +,-,* etc) used to perform
operationwith the help of operands. It is basically of two types
1. Unary Operator
2. Binary Operator
1. Unary Operator : This type of operator is used to perform operations on only one
operand like ++, - - ,+,- etc. For Ex. ++a, -a etc
2. Binary Operator : This type of operator is used to perform operations on two
operands
like +,-,/,* ,% etc. For Ex. a + b , a-b etc
1. Arithmetic Operator:
Arithmetic operator is used to perform arithmetic operations
i) + (Plus) : It is used to perform addition operation like a+b where a and b both are
operand and + is operator.
ii) – (Minus): It is used to perform subtraction operation like a-b where a and b both are
operand and - is operator.
iii) * (Multiply): It is used to perform multiplication operation like a * b where a and b
both are operand and * is operator.
iv) / (Divide) : It is used to perform division operation to find quotient like 5 / 2 that
gives answer(quotient) as 2 , where 5 and 2 both are operand and / is operator.
v) % (Modulus): It is basically known as division operation that is used to find
remainder like 5 % 2 gives remainder as 1.
Program :
Ex a=7,b=5
result = a+b ; 12
a-b; 2
a*b; 35
a/b; 1
a%b; 2
while performing % sign of result is always the sign of first operand
1)-16%3 = -
1 and 16% - 3 = 1
2. Assignment Operator :
1. Operator ' = ' is used for assignment, it takes the right-hand side
(called R-value) and copy it into the left-hand side (called L-value)
2. Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.
3. In the example below, we use the assignment operator (=) to assign the
value 10 to a variable called x:
int x = 10;
= x=5 x=5
+= x+=3 x=x+3
-= x-=3 x=x-3
*= x*=3 x=x*3
/= x/=3 x=x/3
3. Relational Operator (<,<=,>,>=,==,!=) : To establish relations between two
entities relational operator is used.
a) A>B OR A>=B b) AB OR A=5 OR 5<=5
4. Logical Operators : (AND, OR and NOT)
a) If (A >B AND A>C) (&&) OR If (A> B OR A>C) ( || )etc. A = 5 B =3 C=2
b) NOT ( ! ) A=5 B=6 C=3
AND : It returns True, if both the conditions are True otherwise returns False
OR : It Returns False if both the conditions are False otherwise returns True.
* AND and OR Operators are used to combine multiple if conditions in one If
instead of writing separately if .
NOT : Gives opposite answer that means if True then returns False or vice versa.
Control Flow/Structure/Statements:
Control flow decide how the program will
run/execute. So, by considering this, the logic of program can be divided into three
parts.
1. Sequence based
2.Selection/Conditional based
3.Iteration/Repetition/Loop
based
Sequence Based Logic:
In sequence-based, logic of program’s statement is written
one after another and also executes same way that too only once.
1. Write a program to enter two numbers and find the addition of two numbers.
Program
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n1,n2,r;
clrscr();
cout<<”Enter the two values “;
cin>>n1>>n2;
r=n1+n2;
cout<< “ The addition of two numbers
is :” << r;
getch();
}
(Practice)
Program
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
float f,c;
clrscr();
cout<<”Enter the value of f : “;
cin>>f;
c=(f-32)*(5.0/9.0);
cout<< "Thetemperature in Celsiusis
:” <<c;
getch();
}
3. Write a program to find the average of three integers.
Program
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n1,n2,n3;
float avg;
clrscr();
cout<<”Enter the three values “;
cin>>n1>>n2>>n3;
avg=(n1+n2+n3)/3.0;
cout<< “ The Entered numbers average
is :” <<avg;
getch();
}
0/p : 14 14 15 = 14.3333 (wb)
14 14 15/3 =33 (without b)
14 14 17/3.0 =33.6667
4.Write a Program to enter 3 digits-based number and print sum of all digits
present in that number.(sequence based). d1=n%10
Program
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n,d1,d2,d3,sum;
clrscr();
cout<<”Enter the three digits-based value “;
cin>>n;
d1=n%10;
d2=(n/10)%10;
d3=n/100;
sum=d1+d2+d3;
cout<< “ The Entered number digits sum is :” <<sum ;
getch();
}
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